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Jim
2023-05-09 20:31:11 +01:00
parent 9f57a4ab4d
commit b5c318f865
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22
MathEngine/EngineTests/EngineTests.csproj Normal file
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.1.0" />
<PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.2.8" />
<PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.2.8" />
<PackageReference Include="coverlet.collector" Version="3.1.2" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\MathEngine\MathEngine.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>

59
MathEngine/EngineTests/Parser Tests/ExpressionTreeTests.cs Normal file
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using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
using MathEngine.Parser.Parser;
namespace EngineTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Class for testing the ExpressionTree Class
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class ExpressionTreeTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Test to see if a simple expression is constructed correctly
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestExpressionTreeSimpleExpression()
{
string testExp = "3+4";
TreeNode exptectedTree = new(Token.Plus);
Token tokfour = new("4", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token tokthree = new("3", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
TreeNode four = new(tokfour);
TreeNode three = new(tokthree);
exptectedTree.AddChildNode(four);
exptectedTree.AddChildNode(three);
ExpressionTree returnedTree = new ExpressionTree(testExp);
Assert.IsTrue(returnedTree.Equals(exptectedTree));
}
/// <summary>
/// Test to see if a simple expression is evaluated correctly
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestExpressionTreeSimpleExpressionEvaluation()
{
string testExp = "3+4*7";
Token tok31 = new("31", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
TreeNode exptectedTree = new(tok31);
ExpressionTree returnedTree = new ExpressionTree(testExp);
ExpressionTree evaluatedTree = returnedTree.Evaluate();
Assert.IsTrue(evaluatedTree.Equals(exptectedTree));
}
/// <summary>
/// Test to see if a simple expression using all base operators (+,-,*,/) is evaluated correctly
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestExpressionTreeSimpleExpressionAllBaseOperatorsEvaluation()
{
string testExp = "3+4*7-8/7";
decimal testValue = decimal.Divide(209 , 7);
Token tok31 = new(testValue.ToString(), Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
TreeNode exptectedTree = new(tok31);
ExpressionTree returnedTree = new ExpressionTree(testExp);
ExpressionTree evaluatedTree = returnedTree.Evaluate();
Assert.IsTrue(evaluatedTree.Equals(exptectedTree));
}
}
}

92
MathEngine/EngineTests/Parser Tests/ParserTests.cs Normal file
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using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
using MathEngine.Parser.Parser;
namespace EngineTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Class for testing the Parser
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class ParserTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Test the Parser on a basic List of tokens
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestParserBasicExpression()
{
//Arrange
string testString = "3+4";
List<Token> testList = Tokeniser.Tokenise(testString);
Token three = new("3", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token four = new("4", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Assert.IsNotNull(testList);
Stack<Token> expectedStack = new();
expectedStack.Push(Token.Plus);
expectedStack.Push(four);
expectedStack.Push(three);
//Act
Stack<Token> returnedStack = Parser.Parse(testList);
//Assert
if (returnedStack.Count != expectedStack.Count)
{
Assert.Fail();
}
else
{
while (returnedStack.Count > 0)
{
if (!returnedStack.Pop().Equals(expectedStack.Pop()))
{
Assert.Fail();
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Test the Parser on a more compilicated basic expression to see if operator precedence is respected
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestParserBasicExpressionAllOperators()
{
//Arrange
string testString = "3+4*8-47.2/9";
List<Token> testList = Tokeniser.Tokenise(testString);
Token three = new("3", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token four = new("4", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token eight = new("8", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token nine = new("9", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token fourSevenPoint2 = new("47.2", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Assert.IsNotNull(testList);
Stack<Token> expectedStack = new();
expectedStack.Push(Token.Minus);
expectedStack.Push(Token.Divide);
expectedStack.Push(nine);
expectedStack.Push(fourSevenPoint2);
expectedStack.Push(Token.Plus);
expectedStack.Push(Token.Multiply);
expectedStack.Push(eight);
expectedStack.Push(four);
expectedStack.Push(three);
//Act
Stack<Token> returnedStack = Parser.Parse(testList);
//Assert
if (returnedStack.Count != expectedStack.Count)
{
Assert.Fail();
}
else
{
while (returnedStack.Count > 0)
{
if (!returnedStack.Pop().Equals(expectedStack.Pop()))
{
Assert.Fail();
}
}
}
}
}
}

65
MathEngine/EngineTests/Parser Tests/TokenIserTests.cs Normal file
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using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
namespace EngineTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Class for testing the Tokeniser
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class TokeniserTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Test the tokeniser on a basic string
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTokeniseBasicString()
{
//Arrange
string testString = "1+1";
Token one = new("1", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
List<Token> expectedValue = new()
{
one,
Token.Plus,
one
};
//Act
List<Token> returnedValue = Tokeniser.Tokenise(testString);
//Assert
Assert.IsTrue(expectedValue.SequenceEqual(returnedValue));
}
/// <summary>
/// Test the tokeniser on a basic string, but with significant ammounts of whitespace
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTokeniseBasicStringWithWhiteSpace()
{
//Arrange
string testString = " 1 + 1 ";
Token one = new("1", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
List<Token> expectedValue = new()
{
one,
Token.Plus,
one
};
//Act
List<Token> returnedValue = Tokeniser.Tokenise(testString);
//Assert
Assert.IsTrue(expectedValue.SequenceEqual(returnedValue));
}
/// <summary>
/// Test the tokeniser on a string which contains a number which is not formatted correctly
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTokeniseStringWithInvalidNumbr()
{
//Arrange
string testString = "1+11.2.5";
//Act and Assert
Assert.ThrowsException<Exception>(() => Tokeniser.Tokenise(testString));
}
}
}

30
MathEngine/EngineTests/Parser Tests/TreeNodeTests.cs Normal file
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using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
using MathEngine.Parser.Parser;
namespace EngineTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Class for testing the TreeNode class
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class TreeNodeTests
{
/// <summary>
/// Test to see if a simple expression is constructed correctly
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTreeNodexpression()
{
string testExp = "3+4";
TreeNode exptectedTree = new(Token.Plus);
Token tokfour = new("4", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
Token tokthree = new("3", Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0);
TreeNode four = new(tokfour);
TreeNode three = new(tokthree);
exptectedTree.AddChildNode(four);
exptectedTree.AddChildNode(three);
ExpressionTree returnedTree = new (testExp);
Assert.IsTrue(exptectedTree.Equals(returnedTree));
}
}
}

1
MathEngine/EngineTests/Usings.cs Normal file
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global using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

31
MathEngine/MathEngine.sln Normal file
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Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
# Visual Studio Version 17
VisualStudioVersion = 17.2.32616.157
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "MathEngine", "MathEngine\MathEngine.csproj", "{E4A483AB-44FC-4386-A509-C612FE6E6C8A}"
EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "EngineTests", "EngineTests\EngineTests.csproj", "{096BD3DE-E398-42AD-875F-6BEA469ED78F}"
EndProject
Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
{E4A483AB-44FC-4386-A509-C612FE6E6C8A}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
{E4A483AB-44FC-4386-A509-C612FE6E6C8A}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{E4A483AB-44FC-4386-A509-C612FE6E6C8A}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{E4A483AB-44FC-4386-A509-C612FE6E6C8A}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
{096BD3DE-E398-42AD-875F-6BEA469ED78F}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
{096BD3DE-E398-42AD-875F-6BEA469ED78F}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{096BD3DE-E398-42AD-875F-6BEA469ED78F}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{096BD3DE-E398-42AD-875F-6BEA469ED78F}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
SolutionGuid = {DF90889C-36A5-4730-82C6-91E0B39FDF91}
EndGlobalSection
EndGlobal

14
MathEngine/MathEngine/MathEngine.csproj Normal file
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<AssemblyAttribute Include="System.Runtime.CompilerServices.InternalsVisibleTo">
<_Parameter1>EngineTests</_Parameter1>
</AssemblyAttribute>
</ItemGroup>
</Project>

211
MathEngine/MathEngine/Parser/Parser/ExpressionTree.cs Normal file
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using System.Collections.Generic;
using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
namespace MathEngine.Parser.Parser
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents an Abstract Syntax tree for expresison evaluation
/// </summary>
internal class ExpressionTree
{
/// <summary>
/// The root node of the expression tree;
/// </summary>
private readonly TreeNode? rootNode;
/// <summary>
/// Initialises a new instance of the MathEngine.Parser.Parser.Node class with a given Token
/// <param name="value">The token for the nodes value</param>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Expression"></param>
public ExpressionTree(string Expression)
{
List<Token> tokens = Tokeniser.Tokeniser.Tokenise(Expression);
Stack<Token> rpnForm = Parser.Parse(tokens);
rootNode = GenerateExpressionTree(rpnForm);
}
private ExpressionTree(TreeNode rootNode)
{
this.rootNode = rootNode;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a binary TreeNode, that is a node with a root value and two children
/// </summary>
/// <param name="CurrentToken">The token to be the root node of the TreeNode</param>
/// <param name="LeftToken">TreeNode that is the left branch of the current node</param>
/// <param name="RightToken">TreeNode that is the right branch of the current node</param>
/// <returns>A TreeNode with CurrentToken as the root value and LeftBranch and RightBranch as Children</returns>
private static TreeNode CreateBinaryNode(Token CurrentToken, TreeNode LeftBranch, TreeNode RightBranch)
{
TreeNode root = new(CurrentToken);
root.AddChildNode(LeftBranch);
root.AddChildNode(RightBranch);
return root;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a unary TreeNode, that is a node with a root value and two children
/// </summary>
/// <param name="CurrentToken">The token to be the root node of the TreeNode</param>
/// <param name="LeftToken">TreeNode that is the child of the current node</param>
/// <returns>A TreeNode with CurrentToken as the root value and ChildNode as the sole child node</returns>
private static TreeNode CreateUnaryNode(Token CurrentToken, TreeNode ChildNode)
{
TreeNode root = new(CurrentToken);
root.AddChildNode(ChildNode);
return root;
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates the full expression tree given an RPN expression stack
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rpnExpression">RPN expression stack to generate an expression tree from</param>
/// <returns>An expression Tree that represents the Mathematical expression given by rpnExpression</returns>
private static TreeNode? GenerateExpressionTree(Stack<Token> rpnExpression)
{
Stack<TreeNode> OutputStack = new(rpnExpression.Count);
TreeNode Node;
Token CurrentToken;
if (rpnExpression.Count == 0)
{
return null;
}
else
{
while (rpnExpression.Count != 0)
{
CurrentToken = rpnExpression.Pop();
switch (CurrentToken.Token_Type)
{
case Token.Type.Numeric:
Node = new TreeNode(CurrentToken);
OutputStack.Push(Node);
break;
case Token.Type.Addition: // We need to preserve "Left handness" i.e 7/8 gives a root node of / with Cnode(0) = 7 and Cnod(1) = 8 etc. This should preserve non commutativity
case Token.Type.Subtraction:
case Token.Type.Multiplication:
case Token.Type.Division:
case Token.Type.Exponentiation:
TreeNode Right = OutputStack.Pop();
TreeNode Left = OutputStack.Pop();
Node = CreateBinaryNode(CurrentToken, Left, Right);
OutputStack.Push(Node);
break;
case Token.Type.UnaryPlus:
case Token.Type.UnaryMinus:
Node = CreateUnaryNode(CurrentToken, OutputStack.Pop());
OutputStack.Push(Node);
break;
}
}
return OutputStack.Pop();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Evaluates branches of a given tree
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Branch"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static TreeNode Evaluate_Tree_Branch(TreeNode Branch)
{
TreeNode Root, LeftBranch, RightBranch;
if (Branch.NodeValue.Token_Type == Token.Type.Numeric)
return Branch;
else
{
LeftBranch = Evaluate_Tree_Branch(Branch.GetChildNode(0));
RightBranch = Evaluate_Tree_Branch(Branch.GetChildNode(1));
// We finally combine the computed branches with the operator that links them and return the result
Root = Evaluate_Operator(Branch.NodeValue, LeftBranch, RightBranch);
return Root;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Evlautes a binary node where the root node is an operator and given two branches the left and the right
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Operator_Token"></param>
/// <param name="Left_Branch"></param>
/// <param name="Right_Branch"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static TreeNode Evaluate_Operator(Token Operator_Token, TreeNode Left_Branch, TreeNode Right_Branch)
{
decimal lhs = decimal.Parse(Left_Branch.NodeValue.TokenValue);
decimal rhs = decimal.Parse(Right_Branch.NodeValue.TokenValue);
return Operator_Token.Token_Type switch
{
Token.Type.Addition => new TreeNode(new Token((lhs + rhs).ToString(), Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0)),
Token.Type.Subtraction => new TreeNode(new Token((lhs - rhs).ToString(), Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0)),
Token.Type.Multiplication => new TreeNode(new Token(((decimal)(lhs * rhs)).ToString(), Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0)),
Token.Type.Division => new TreeNode(new Token(((decimal)(lhs / rhs)).ToString(), Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0)),
_ => throw new Exception("Potentially invalid token?"),
};
}
/// <summary>
/// Evaluates the current instance of ExpressionTree
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Returns an update of the current instance which the expression Evaluated</returns>
public ExpressionTree? Evaluate()
{
if (rootNode == null)
{
return null;
}
else // To evaluate we go anti-clockwise around the tree
{
TreeNode? Root, LeftBranch, RightBranch;
if (rootNode.NodeValue.Token_Type == Token.Type.Numeric)
return this;
else
{
LeftBranch = Evaluate_Tree_Branch(rootNode.GetChildNode(0));
RightBranch = Evaluate_Tree_Branch(rootNode.GetChildNode(1));
Root = Evaluate_Operator(rootNode.NodeValue, LeftBranch, RightBranch);
return new ExpressionTree(Root);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a value indicating if the given object is equal to the current instance of ExpressionTree
/// </summary>
/// <param name="other">The object to compare to the current instance</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool Equals(object? other)
{
if (other is TreeNode)
{
ExpressionTree otherTree = new((TreeNode)other);
return this.Equals(otherTree);
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Compares the current ExpressionTree instance for equality with the given ExpressionTree
/// </summary>
/// <param name="other">The ExpressionTree to compare to the current instance</param>
/// <returns>True if the expression trees are equal and False otherwise</returns>
public bool Equals(ExpressionTree other)
{
if (this == null || other == null)
{
return false;
}
if (this.rootNode == null || other.rootNode == null)
{
return false;
}
return this.rootNode.Equals(other.rootNode);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return System.HashCode.Combine(this.rootNode);
}
}
}

153
MathEngine/MathEngine/Parser/Parser/Node/TreeNode.cs Normal file
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using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
namespace MathEngine.Parser.Parser
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents a node in a Tree structure
/// </summary>
internal class TreeNode
{
private TreeNode? Parent;
private List<TreeNode>? Children;
private readonly Token Value;
/// <summary>
/// Initialises a new instance of the MathEngine.Parser.Parser.Node class with a given Token
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">The token for the nodes value</param>
public TreeNode(Token value)
{
Parent = null;
Children = null;
Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the value of the node
/// </summary>
public Token NodeValue
{
get { return Value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the parent node of the current node, or null if it does not exist
/// </summary>
public TreeNode? ParentNode
{
get
{
if (Parent == null)
{
return null;
}
else
{
return Parent;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns all of the child nodes of the current node, or null if it odes not exist
/// </summary>
public List<TreeNode>? GetChildrenNodes
{
get
{
if (Children == null)
{
return null;
}
else
{
return Children;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the child node specified by the index, if there are no children nodes or if the index is out of bounds than null is returned
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public TreeNode? GetChildNode(int index)
{
if (Children == null)
{
return null;
}
if (index < 0 || index >= Children.Count)
{
return null;
}
return Children[index];
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds a child node to the current root node, if there are no children nodes a list is created
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Node">The value for the child node that is to be added</param>
public void AddChildNode(TreeNode Node)
{
if (Children == null)
{
Children = new()
{
Node
};
}
else
{
Children.Add(Node);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a value that indicates if the given object is equal to the current instance of TreeNode
/// </summary>
/// <param name="other">The object to compare to the current instance of TreeNode</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override bool Equals(object? other)
{
if (other is ExpressionTree)
{
return other.Equals(this);
}
return false;
}
public bool Equals(TreeNode other)
{
if (this.Value != other.Value) //If the root values are not equal we are done
{
return false;
}
// otherwise,
if (this.Children != null && other.Children != null) // If both children are NOT null then we reursively check the child nodes
{
//Covered all nullable cases, we now need to recursively check the child nodes
if (Children.Count != other.Children.Count)
{
return false;
}
for (int childNodeIndex = 0; childNodeIndex < Children.Count; childNodeIndex++)
{
if (!Children[childNodeIndex].Equals(other.Children[childNodeIndex]))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
else if (this.Children == null && other.Children == null) //Special case is if both children lists are null then the TreeNodes are equal
{
return true;
}
else // otherwise at least one is null and the other is not so they can't be equal
{
return false; // if both children are not null than at least one is null so they can't be equal
}
}
}
}

142
MathEngine/MathEngine/Parser/Parser/Parser.cs Normal file
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using MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser;
namespace MathEngine.Parser.Parser
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents the conversion from a list of Tokens representing Mathematical expression to List in Reverse Polish Notation form
/// </summary>
internal class Parser
{
/// <summary>
/// Return the Precdence of a given token operator
/// </summary>
/// <param name="X">Token to get Precdence of</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static int OperatorPrecedence(Token X)
{
switch (X.Token_Type)
{
case Token.Type.Addition:
case Token.Type.Subtraction:
{
return 1;
}
case Token.Type.Multiplication:
case Token.Type.Division:
{
return 2;
}
case Token.Type.UnaryPlus:
case Token.Type.UnaryMinus:
{
return 3;
}
case Token.Type.Exponentiation:
{
return 4;
}
case Token.Type.LeftParenthesis:
case Token.Type.RightParenthesis:
{
return 5;
}
default:
{
throw new Exception("Unknown operator precedence" + X.TokenValue);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Is the operation left associative
/// </summary>
/// <param name="X">Operation to check</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool IsLeftAssociatve(Token X)
{
switch (X.Token_Type)
{
case Token.Type.Addition:
case Token.Type.Subtraction:
case Token.Type.Multiplication:
case Token.Type.Division:
case Token.Type.LeftParenthesis:
case Token.Type.RightParenthesis:
{
return true;
}
case Token.Type.Exponentiation:
case Token.Type.UnaryMinus:
{
return false;
}
default:
{
throw new Exception("If you are seeing this something went wrong when trying to determine if a token was Left Associatve");
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// ''' Reverse the order of a given stack of Tokens
/// ''' </summary>
/// ''' <param name="Stack">Stack to reverse</param>
/// ''' <returns></returns>
private static Stack<Token> ReverseStackTok(Stack<Token> Stack)
{
Stack<Token> OutputStack = new (Stack.Count);
while ((Stack.Count != 0))
OutputStack.Push(Stack.Pop());
return OutputStack;
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses a list of tokens into a valid RPN expression stack
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Expression">List of tokens to parse</param>
/// <returns>Returns the Reverse polish notation form of the expression</returns>
static internal Stack<Token> Parse(List<Token> Expression)
{
//Temp holding stack for operators
Stack<Token> OperatorStack = new(Expression.Count/2);
//The final stack to return
Stack<Token> OutputStack = new(Expression.Count);
//Stack used to hold the number of input params to a function
//Stack<uint> ArityStack = new Stack<uint>();
Token CurrentToken;
for (int i = 0; i < Expression.Count; i++)
{
CurrentToken = Expression[i];
switch (CurrentToken.Token_Type)
{
case Token.Type.Numeric:
OutputStack.Push(CurrentToken);
break;
case Token.Type.Addition:
case Token.Type.Subtraction:
case Token.Type.Multiplication:
case Token.Type.Division:
while ((OperatorStack.Count != 0 && ((((OperatorStack.Peek().Token_Type == Token.Type.Function) | (OperatorPrecedence(OperatorStack.Peek()) > OperatorPrecedence(CurrentToken)) | ((OperatorPrecedence(OperatorStack.Peek()) == OperatorPrecedence(CurrentToken)) & (IsLeftAssociatve(CurrentToken)))) && !(OperatorStack.Peek().Token_Type == Token.Type.LeftParenthesis)))))
{
OutputStack.Push(OperatorStack.Pop());
}
OperatorStack.Push(CurrentToken);
break;
}
}
while ((OperatorStack.Count > 0))
{
if (OperatorStack.Peek().Token_Type == Token.Type.LeftParenthesis || OperatorStack.Peek().Token_Type == Token.Type.RightParenthesis)
throw new Exception("Mismatched parentheses; Expected (");
else
OutputStack.Push(OperatorStack.Pop());
}
return ReverseStackTok(OutputStack);
}
}
}

244
MathEngine/MathEngine/Parser/Tokeniser/Token.cs Normal file
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namespace MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser
{
/// <summary>
/// Defines the Token Type. The base for all manipulations
/// </summary>
internal struct Token
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents the token for +
/// </summary>
public static readonly Token Plus = new("+",Type.Addition,NumericType.NaN,0);
/// <summary>
/// Represents the token for -
/// </summary>
public static readonly Token Minus = new("-", Type.Subtraction, NumericType.NaN, 0);
/// <summary>
/// Represents the token for *
/// </summary>
public static readonly Token Multiply = new("*", Type.Multiplication, NumericType.NaN, 0);
/// <summary>
/// Represents the token for /
/// </summary>
public static readonly Token Divide = new("/", Type.Division, NumericType.NaN, 0);
/// <summary>
/// Enum representing the token type
/// </summary>
internal enum Type
{
Numeric,
DecimalPoint,
Addition,
Subtraction,
Multiplication,
Division,
Exponentiation,
UnaryPlus,
UnaryMinus,
Operator,
Variable,
Function,
FunctionArgumentSeparator,
LeftParenthesis,
RightParenthesis,
OpenBracket,
CloseBracket,
OpenBrace,
CloseBrace
}
/// <summary>
/// Enum representing the numerical type of the token
/// </summary>
internal enum NumericType
{
Integer,
Decimal,
Complex,
NaN
}
/// <summary>
/// String representing the value of the token
/// </summary>
private readonly string Value;
/// <summary>
/// The type of token
/// </summary>
private readonly Type TokenType;
/// <summary>
/// The numeric type of the token
/// </summary>
private readonly NumericType Numeric_Type;
/// <summary>
/// The arity of the token
/// </summary>
private readonly uint Arity;
#region "Properties"
/// <summary>
/// Returns the value of the Token
/// </summary>
public string TokenValue
{
get { return Value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the type of the token
/// </summary>
public readonly Type Token_Type
{
get { return TokenType; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the numerical type of the token
/// </summary>
public readonly NumericType NumericalType
{
get { return Numeric_Type; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the arity of the token
/// </summary>
public uint FunctionArity
{
get { return Arity; }
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the Tokeniser.Token structure with a given TokenValue, TokenType, TokenNumericType and Arity
/// </summary>
/// <param name="TokenValue">String representing the value of the token</param>
/// <param name="TokenType">The type that the token instance represents</param>
/// <param name="TokenNumericType">The numeric type of the token</param>
/// <param name="FunctionArity">The token Arity</param>
public Token(string TokenValue, Type TokenType, NumericType TokenNumericType, uint FunctionArity = 0)
{
this.Value = TokenValue;
this.TokenType = TokenType;
this.Numeric_Type = TokenNumericType;
this.Arity = FunctionArity;
}
#if DEBUG
/// <summary>
/// Debug String; Used to give a string representation of a token
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public new string ToString()
{
return Value + "," + TokenType.ToString() + "," + Numeric_Type.ToString() + "," + Arity.ToString();
}
#endif
/// <summary>
/// Returns a value that indicates whether a two Tokens are equal.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="X">First Token to compare</param>
/// <param name="Y">Second Token to compare</param>
/// <returns>Returns true if the two Tokens are equal and false otherwise</returns>
public static bool operator ==(Token X, Token Y)
{
if (X.TokenValue != Y.TokenValue)
{
return false;
}
if (X.TokenType != Y.TokenType)
{
return false;
}
if (X.NumericalType != Y.NumericalType)
{
return false;
}
if (X.Arity != Y.Arity)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a value that indicates whether a two Tokens are not equal.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="X">First Token to compare</param>
/// <param name="Y">Second Token to compare</param>
/// <returns>Returns true if the two Tokens are not equal and false otherwise</returns>
public static bool operator !=(Token X, Token Y)
{
if (X.TokenValue == Y.TokenValue)
{
return false;
}
if (X.TokenType == Y.TokenType)
{
return false;
}
if (X.NumericalType == Y.NumericalType)
{
return false;
}
if (X.Arity == Y.Arity)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
public bool Equals(Token other)
{
if (this.TokenValue != other.TokenValue)
{
return false;
}
if (this.TokenType != other.TokenType)
{
return false;
}
if (this.NumericalType != other.NumericalType)
{
return false;
}
if (this.Arity != other.Arity)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
public override bool Equals(object? obj)
{
if (obj is Token)
{
Token other = (Token)obj;
return this.Equals(other);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the HashCode for the current Token Instance
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return HashCode.Combine(Value, TokenType, Numeric_Type, Arity);
}
}
}

110
MathEngine/MathEngine/Parser/Tokeniser/Tokeniser.cs Normal file
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namespace MathEngine.Parser.Tokeniser
{
/// <summary>
/// Represents the conversion of a Mathematical expression in string form to a List of Tokens
/// </summary>
static internal class Tokeniser
{
private static readonly List<char> Operators = new(new char[] { '+', '-', '*', '/', '^' });
/// <summary>
/// Gets the next non-whitespace char or returns the null terminator is at EOS (End of stream)
/// </summary>
static private char GetNextChar(string Expresison, ref Int32 currentIndex)
{
char curChar;
do
{
currentIndex++;
curChar = currentIndex >= Expresison.Length ? '\0' : Expresison[currentIndex];
} while (char.IsWhiteSpace(curChar));
return curChar;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the token that represents the current character
/// </summary>
/// <param name="curChar">The character to get the token of</param>
/// <returns>A token representing the current character, otherwise an exception is thrown</returns>
static private Token GetOperatorToken(char curChar)
{
return curChar switch
{
'+' => Token.Plus,
'-' => Token.Minus,
'*' => Token.Multiply,
'/' => Token.Divide,
_ => throw new Exception(String.Format("Character {0} is not a defined operator", curChar)),
};
}
/// <summary>
/// Tokenises a given Mathematical expression given as a string to a list of tokens
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Expression">Expression to tokenise</param>
/// <returns>A list of tokens representing the given expression, if the expression string is null or empty then an empty list is returned</returns>
static internal List<Token> Tokenise(string Expression)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(Expression))
{
return new List<Token> { };
}
else
{
//Cleanup whitespace
Expression = String.Concat(Expression.Where(c => !Char.IsWhiteSpace(c)));
Int32 currentIndex = -1;
//Example expression 1+1+Sin[x]
List<Token> Tokenstack = new(Expression.Length); //Nearly always is overallocated to the true number of tokens but avoids the need to kkeep reallocating for a growing stack
char curChar;
while (currentIndex < Expression.Length)
{
curChar = GetNextChar(Expression,ref currentIndex);
//Switch on special characters
if (Operators.Contains(curChar))
{
Tokenstack.Add(Tokeniser.GetOperatorToken(curChar));
continue; //Next loop interation
}
//Number, two cases two consider, case 1) number is something like 142.2; case 2 .5 which is clearly 0.5.
//Case 1
if (Char.IsDigit(curChar))
{
bool hasDecimalPlace = false;
Int32 tempIndex = currentIndex;
char tempChar;
do
{
tempChar = GetNextChar(Expression, ref tempIndex);
if (tempChar == '.' && !hasDecimalPlace)
{
hasDecimalPlace = true;
}
else if (tempChar == '.' && hasDecimalPlace)
{
while (Char.IsDigit(tempChar) || tempChar == '.')
{
tempChar = GetNextChar(Expression, ref tempIndex);
}
string errString = Expression[currentIndex..tempIndex];
throw new Exception(String.Format("Syntax error: {0} has multiple decimal point when at most one is allowed",errString));
}
} while (Char.IsDigit(tempChar) || tempChar == '.');
//Iterate until we hit the next special character or EOS
//Token is a number so add this to the stack
Tokenstack.Add(new Token(Expression[currentIndex..tempIndex], Token.Type.Numeric, Token.NumericType.Decimal, 0));
currentIndex = tempIndex-1; //Sets the index variable to just before the non numeric char
}
}
//return the stack after triming
Tokenstack.TrimExcess();
return Tokenstack;
}
}
}
}